Malaria and typhoid are among the most endemic diseases, and thus, of major public health
concerns in tropical developing countries. In addition to true co-infection of malaria and
typhoid, false diagnoses due to similar signs and symptoms and false positive results in
testing methods, leading to improper controls, are the major challenges on managing these
diseases. In this study, we develop novel mathematical models describing the co-infection
dynamics of malaria and typhoid. Through mathematical analyses of our models, we identify …