Histones from dying renal cells aggravate kidney injury via TLR2 and TLR4

R Allam, CR Scherbaum, MN Darisipudi… - Journal of the …, 2012 - journals.lww.com
In AKI, dying renal cells release intracellular molecules that stimulate immune cells to
secrete proinflammatory cytokines, which trigger leukocyte recruitment and renal
inflammation. Whether the release of histones, specifically, from dying cells contributes to
the inflammation of AKI is unknown. In this study, we found that dying tubular epithelial cells
released histones into the extracellular space, which directly interacted with Toll-like
receptor (TLR)-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to induce MyD88, NF-κB, and mitogen activated protein …