The 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2) is a candidate gene/protein for mutations in some forms of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. In this study, we searched for mutations in BPAG2 in a large Austrian pedigree with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa, a distinct nonlethal form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, using polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA, heteroduplex analysis of the polymerase chain reaction products, and direct nucleotide sequencing. We identified a homozygous 2-bp deletion within the coding region of BPAG2 in the affected individuals. This mutation results in a frame-shift and downstream stop codons on both alleles, predicting an absence of functional protein. These findings illustrate the molecular basis of the skin fragility in this family and attest to the importance of the 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen in the attachment of the epidermis to the underlying dermoepidermal basement membrane.